El objetivo general de esta investigación se ha basado en analizar y comprender una parte de los resultados de una investigación mayor que se centra en el propio sujeto como actor principal de su relato. Se indaga el papel que la música desempeña dentro de los contextos de aprendizaje no formales e informales como vía para crear relaciones de empoderamiento de aquel alumnado en situación de abandono escolar, para así procurar medidas de renganche positiva con el sistema educativo a partir (...) de sus experiencias fuera del mundo curricular. (shrink)

No presente artigo pretendemos descrever os conceitos heideggerianos apresentados no ensaio A origem da obra de arte, no qual o filósofo alemão destaca que o campo instaurador da obra de arte é a verdade. Para tanto, reconstruiremos os passos argumentativos realizados por Heidegger na investigação da origem da obra de arte, a saber, a coisa, o utensílio e a obra. E, por fim, mostraremos que a verdade em Heidegger se dá no embate entre Terra e Mundo, que se caracterizam pelo (...) encobrimento e desencobrimento do ser do ente. Após tais considerações, procuramos investigar a verdade que se pôs em obra nos quadros da artista plástica Marina Rodrigues, que ressaltou o embate entre Terra e o Mundo no período pandêmico. A artista retira da terra o material para a obra de arte, instaurando um mundo em suas telas. Nos quadros de Rodrigues nos deparamos com a finitude da existência humana e o caos urbano. (shrink)

Policy-makers sometimes aim to improve well-being as a policy goal, but to do this they need some way to measure well-being. Instead of relying on potentially problematic theories of well-being to justify their choice of well-being measure, Daniel Hausman proposes that policy-makers can sometimes rely on preference-based measures as evidence for well-being. I claim that Hausman’s evidential account does not justify the use of any one measure more than it justifies the use of any other measure. This leaves us at (...) a loss as to which policy should be chosen in the non-trivial cases for which there is substantial disagreement between the different measures in their assessment of policy. (shrink)

We explore different ways in which the human visual system can adapt for perceiving and categorizing the environment. There are various accounts of supervised (categorical) and unsupervised perceptual learning, and different perspectives on the functional relationship between perception and categorization. We suggest that common experimental designs are insufficient to differentiate between hypothesized perceptual learning mechanisms and reveal their possible interplay. We propose a relatively underutilized way of studying potential categorical effects on perception, and we test the predictions of different perceptual (...) learning models using a two‐dimensional, interleaved categorization‐plus‐reconstruction task. We find evidence that the human visual system adapts its encodings to the feature structure of the environment, uses categorical expectations for robust reconstruction, allocates encoding resources with respect to categorization utility, and adapts to prevent miscategorizations. (shrink)

Necropolitics by Achille Mbembe takes us back to his seminal text on “Necropolitics” translated and published in the US in 2003. At this point, 40 years after Foucault’s Biopolitics, Mbembe was re-theorizing biopolitics through a necro horizon, which turned out to be a robust conceptual shift from Western thought. Not much else is explicitly said about necropolitics in the titular book, which comes 17 years after the seminal text that had a significant impact on the theory and practice of philosophy, (...) politics, anthropology, and esthetics. Mbembe presents the layers of forms, modes, and procedures of the necropolitical working through contemporary neoliberal global societies. It is therefore not surprising that Mbembe makes reference to theory in forms, form is the way to redefine or rephrase content, and “who should live and who must die” is currently the beginning. But how this is done in the 21st century, what are the methods and procedures to implement this central act in neoliberal global democracy —that is the task of this book. (shrink)

in recent years, policy makers have shown increasing interest in implementing policies aimed at promoting individual well-being. But how should policy makers choose their well-being policies? a seemingly reasonable first step is to settle on an agreed-upon definition of well-being. yet there currently is significant disagreement on how well-being ought to be characterized, and agreement on the correct view of well-being does not appear to be forthcoming. Nevertheless, i argue in this paper that there are several reasons to think that (...) the domain of well-being in the public policy context is narrower than that of well-being in general, which makes agreement on how to understand well-being in the public policy context more likely. (shrink)

Epistemic harms associated with sexual violence, such as rape and sexual assault, are often linked to the distrust of the victim's testimonies or their inability to comprehend their own experiences. This chapter aims to demonstrate that the existing literature has largely overlooked other potential epistemic harms directly stemming from sexual violence. By analyzing the cognitive changes related to the fear and anxiety experienced by many victims of sexual violence, the chapter introduces two distinct types of epistemic harms: targeted epistemic harms, (...) which result in the formation of false beliefs about the dangerousness of certain people and contexts, thereby reducing opportunities for gaining specific knowledge from the feared and avoided individuals and contexts; and structural epistemic harms, which bring about profound shifts in core assumptions regarding one’s safety in the world and the trustworthiness of others. (shrink)

The continued development of General Circulation Models (GCMs) towards increasing resolution and complexity is a predominantly chosen strategy to advance climate science, resulting in channelling of research and funding to meet this aspiration. Yet many other modelling strategies have also been developed and can be used to understand past and present climates, to project future climates and ultimately to support decision-making. We argue that a plurality of climate modelling strategies and an equitable distribution of funding among them would be an (...) improvement on the current predominant strategy for informing policy making. To support our claim, we use a philosophy of science approach to compare increasing resolution and complexity of General Circulation Models with three alternate examples: the use of machine learning techniques, the physical climate storyline approach, and Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity. We show that each of these strategies prioritises a particular set of methodological aims, among which are empirical agreement, realism, comprehensiveness, diversity of process representations, inclusion of the human dimension, reduction of computational expense, and intelligibility. Thus, each strategy may provide adequate information to support different specific kinds of research and decision questions. We conclude that, because climate decision-making consists of different kinds of questions, many modelling strategies are all potentially useful, and can be used in a complementary way. (shrink)

According to what I call the ‘argument from public bads’, if a researcher deceived subjects in the past, there is a chance that subjects will discount the information that a subsequent researcher provides, thus compromising the validity of the subsequent researcher’s experiment. While this argument is taken to justify an existing informal ban on explicit deception in experimental economics, it can also apply to implicit deception, yet implicit deception is not banned and is sometimes used in experimental economics. Thus, experimental (...) economists are being inconsistent when they appeal to the argument from public bads to justify banning explicit deception but not implicit deception. (shrink)

The article deals with one of the earliest Christian interpretations of the supreme secular power created by Eusebius Pamphilus, Bishop of Caesarea, during the life of the first Christian emperor Constantine the Great. It is proved that the concept by Eusebius contains mythological ideas transformed in a Christian context. In particular, the main focus of the interpretation of the Lord is the recognition of Him as Pantocrator [Παντοκράτωρ – the Lord of all] endowed with infinite power and authority over the (...) Universe. Such an interpretation reconstructs archaic ideas about the deity as the centre of power and says nothing about his mercy and justice. This concept became the basis for the argumentation of the absolute nature of the Christian emperor’s supreme power – Basileus. The Lord, communicating with Basileus through His Son, Christ the Logos, gives him the sacred right to reign and thus makes him godlike [Friend of God – Θεóς, divinely favoured] – an icon of the Lord of all. Another mythological feature of Eusebius’ interpretation of supreme power is the solution to the problematic relationship between the reign and the priesthood. Eusebius believed that the Lord’s endowment of Basileus with the right to reign obliges him to perform priestly functions at the same time. The purpose of Basileus’ priesthood was to enlighten his flock about the essence of the Word of God, and not to observe religious rituals. In this way, the role of the basileus-priest differed from the Patriarch. Thus, the mythological nature of the concept by Eusebius of Caesarea is the fact that he unconsciously replaced various semantic connections. This happened because he could not explain the essence of supreme power and its value to society in a different way. The foundation of Eusebius’ mythological thinking is the beginning of the synthesized rationality (historical understanding of the real past) and myth (substitution of history by religious tradition) of the history of the Byzantine Empire. (shrink)

Introduction to the book symposium on Katherine Puddifoot’s How Stereotypes Deceive Us.

(draft) In this chapter, I examine the most significant ethical questions surrounding memory, both at the collective and individual levels, as discussed in the literature. I begin by exploring the values associated with memory, including truth, accuracy, integrity, and broader social and political dimensions. I then address the concept of a duty to remember, particularly in the context of genocide and other human atrocities, and the complex questions this concept raises. Following this, I analyze the ethical challenges posed by forgetting, (...) focusing on its collective implications for forgiveness and its individual dimensions, such as the responsibility for forgetting and the right to be forgotten. After briefly discussing memory virtues—a topic that remains underexplored in the literature—I explore the ethical considerations surrounding the wishes of individuals with severe memory loss, such as those with dementia. Finally, I summarize ethical debates related to current and hypothetical cases of memory modification, erasure, and enhancement, highlighting their potential impacts on personal identity, agency, authenticity, moral responsibility, testimony, and their overall desirability. (shrink)

This essay offers an interpretation of Plato’s Phaedo, which proceeds in two parts: (1) methodological interpretation of myth and (2) application of the method to the analysis of the soul. The paper claims that the myths in this dialogue are not limited to the explicitly mythical sections but that the entirety of the Phaedo—including the arguments that it presents—is saturated with myth. Through this interpretive lens, the soul, as it appears in the Phaedo, ceases to be characterized as a mere (...) thing and gains an ontological dimension. (shrink)

The view of happiness that I propose in this article and derive on the basis of Aristotle’s and Henri Bergson’s ideas recommends that we must first understand life as an activity – not as a sum of accumulated experiences and things; nor a set of projects; nor fateful or haphazard events that befall us, but as a formative activity in which we play a key role. Ἐνέργεια or de l’action are at the core of life and it is by getting (...) a hold of this creative core that we stand to live happily (Aristotle) or joyously (Bergson). For both thinkers, the possibility of happiness and joy comes to the fore, to no small extent, as a certain orientation in our thinking, i.e., as φρόνησις and θεωρία, for Aristotle, and as philosophy for Bergson. Our thoughts inform our choices and actions as well as our view of the world, grounding our sense of meaning, purpose, and value of action. It is by reckoning with the ever-unfolding act of life and with our own actions in it (actions which can be vicious, senseless, and unexamined or creative and constitutive of a life well-lived) that we also take hold of the possibility of happiness and joy. (shrink)

Some advances in bioethics regarding ethical considerations that arise in the context of medical research can also be relevant when thinking about the ethical considerations that arise in the context of SoTL research. In this article, I aim to bring awareness to two potential ethical challenges SoTL researchers might face when playing a dual role of teacher and researcher that are similar to the challenges physicians face in their dual role of physician and researcher. In this article, I argue that (...) two commonly discussed concerns in bioethics---the need for clinical equipoise and the possibility of a therapeutic misconception---have analogies when conducting some types of research on students. I call these counterparts educational equipoise and the educational misconception. (shrink)

The objective of this work is to understand how Heidegger is inserted in the tradition referring to the German philosophy of the resumption of Ancient Greece and how this author differs from this tradition, having a different way of relating to the Greece from its thought of history. For this, we resume some key points of the philosophical relationship between Greece and Germany, with the aim of establishing a dialogue between Heidegger, Hölderlin and Hegel about the way of understanding ancient (...) Greece as an important point in the constitution of the philosophy of history of each author, articulated by relationship between antiquity and modernity. This choice is justified by the pretense of understanding the originality of Heidegger's Greece, as Hegel is the author, belonging to German idealism, with the greatest influence on Heidegger's thought of history; Hölderlin, on the other hand, is the poet who mediates the relationship between Heidegger and the Greeks, in addition to being out of metaphysics, according to Heidegger. Throughout the text, an attempt is also made to apply Ricoeur's thesis that the German conception of Greece varies between the classical and the archaic and can take on shades of nostalgia or mourning. (shrink)

No presente ensaio damos continuidade ao artigo “A lógica do Ser de Parmênides: entre a poesia e a Filosofia”, em vias de publicação pela Argumentos (revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Ceará). Agora pretendemos mostrar que a crítica de Górgias a Parmênides reside na diferença da concepção de ambos a respeito do ser: enquanto o eleata supõe o ser como identificado ao pensar e ao dizer, Górgias o entende como aquilo que nos afeta a partir (...) das coisas que subsistem. Com isto, promove uma inversão dos enunciados centrais do Poema de Parmênides, afirmando que: 1) Nada existe; 2) Se existisse não poderia ser conhecido; 3) Se pudesse ser conhecido não poderia ser comunicado. Tentaremos mostrar que, além de pôr em xeque o projeto essencialista de Parmênides, inaugurando assim a vertente antiessencialista da filosofia, inverte também o movimento do pensamento do eleata: enquanto este se vale do estilo poético para estabelecer as regras lógicas da investigação filosófica, Górgias parte de uma reflexão lógico-filosófica para romper a identidade Φύσις-λόγος, retomando outra postura poética: a visão trágica, segundo a qual aos mortais não é dado conhecer nem controlar os acontecimentos. (shrink)

The philosophical nature of the two versions of paraphrasing the Gorgias’ treatise On Non-Being — the skeptical version by Sextus Empiricus and the peripatetic version by an anonymous author — are discussed. The paper gives a comparative analysis of the arguments upheld by the informants enunciating Gorgias’ thoughts, demonstrates the range of philosophical problems, which Gorgias considered, judging by the reports of his speech, and shows how both versions add to and clarify each other in terms of philosophical issues. The (...) work provides insights as to how Gorgias modernizes and transforms the initial attitudes of Parmenides, shifting the reasoning plan: from how thought can be directed to an object and the qualities of this object to how thought can be directed to the non-existent. Accordingly, the problems of intentionality in the Gorgias’ teaching are considered as well as the privileged status of any of mental states, the nature of word or speech as an autonomous way to develop knowledge about external objects, the issue of meaning as a reference, and inter-subjectivity in cognition. A conclusion is reached that giving preference to one of the paraphrasing versions impoverishes our understanding of the Gorgias’ teaching considerably, while the joint analysis of both versions demonstrates the engagement of the sophistic issues raised by Gorgias, in the philosophical and, particularly, the epistemological paradigm of the ancient as well as modern philosophy. (shrink)

Em meados do século XIX, a moderna Psiquiatria e o Espiritismo estavam se formando e divergiam sobre a etiologia espiritual das doenças mentais e sobre se práticas mediúnicas seriam uma grande causa de alienação mental (“Loucura espírita”). Este artigo investiga os argumentos de médicos europeus e as reações de Allan Kardec sobre esses dois temas. Como fontes primárias, analisamos publicações médicas europeias (de 1858 a 1936), escritos de Kardec e realizamos um estudo de caso sobre os “Possessos de Morzine”. Os (...) médicos negavam causas espirituais das doenças mentais e consideravam a mediunidade um produto de fraude ou de atividade cerebral, cuja prática seria uma grande causa de alienação mental. Kardec questionava a qualidade dos diagnósticos e das estatísticas de casos de “Loucura espírita”. Defendia que, além das causas biopsicossociais da loucura, as obsessões espirituais seriam uma causa complementar. As evidências seriam capacidades anômalas exibidas pelos doentes (p.ex. falar línguas que desconheciam, mostrar conhecimentos de fatos à distância, etc.) e a eficácia da desobsessão, mesmo que realizada à distância do paciente. O conflito foi diminuindo à medida que a Psiquiatria foi se legitimando no domínio do campo científico e o Espiritismo no religioso. (shrink)

La televisión se constituyó en el dispositivo comunicacional de mayor importancia en los años 1990, al llegar a todos los hogares de clase media y ocupar un rol preponderante en la elaboración de sentidos sociales compartidos. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar distintas dimensiones y sentidos del humor en El palacio de la risa, programa humorístico de gran relevancia conducido por Antonio Gasalla entre 1992 y 1996 y transmitido por ATC y Canal 13, en Argentina. Nos enfocaremos en los (...) números protagonizados por los actores Alejandro Urdapilleta y Humberto Tortonese, quienes, junto a Gasalla, introducen importantes innovaciones en la producción humorística televisiva. En la primera sección, analizaremos qué elementos del teatro underground de los años 1980 son recuperados y puestos en juego en la propuesta televisiva. A continuación, se examinarán tres dimensiones que funcionan como materia prima para la producción humorística del trío: la crítica a las clases dominantes argentinas, la tensión entre sexualidades dominantes y disidentes, y las menciones paródicas realizadas sobre la propia televisión. En cuanto a la metodología, el trabajo fue realizado en base a un análisis de 30 sketches del trío Urdapilleta-Gasalla-Tortonese, registrando temas, aspectos estéticos, gestualidad corporal y usos discursivos. En suma, el trabajo realiza una contribución al conocimiento de la cultura de masas y las posibilidades paródicas y de desestabilización del sentido común de la televisión durante los años 1990 en Argentina. (shrink)

This book demonstrates that art is implicit in the process of administration of international justice. The diverse nature of recent global threats as well as an overwhelming pull towards isolationism and nationalism challenge the dominant deterrence paradigm of international governance created in the aftermath of World War II. An alternative model is to focus on cooperation, and not deterrence, as a guiding operational principle. This study focuses on the theoretical component linking justice with aesthetics as well as on the practical (...) manifestation of this connection evident, inter alia, in the rhetoric of international courts, their architectural design, and their commemorative practices expressed by the practice of symbolic reparations adopted by some of the courts. The underlying premise of the book is that international justice requires new vocabulary and new approaches, which can be derived from the study of aesthetics. It is held that exploring the aesthetical dimension of international justice contributes to the discussion on the foundations of its authority and the grounds for compliance with it. The work engages deeply with the theory of aesthetics developed by Immanuel Kant and Abinavagupta, a Kashmiri critic, philosopher and scholar writing in the early 11th century. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of Legal Philosophy, International Criminal Justice, International Law and International Relations. (shrink)

O arrependimento [die Reue] é uma noção que surge na filosofia de Schopenhauer quando ele trata da possibilidade de um indivíduo aprimorar a manifestação do seu próprio caráter, que é aquilo que constitui o caráter adquirido. Cada um de nós possui um caráter que não pode ser mudado, mas o conhecimento sobre ele pode se aprimorar, o que permite que um indivíduo possa aperfeiçoar o conhecimento ou a consciência daquilo que ele é. Sendo o caráter a expressão daquilo que cada (...) um quer, nós não nos arrependemos do que nós queremos, mas do que fizemos, exatamente porque consideramos que a nossa ação não foi condizente com a nossa vontade. Portanto, o arrependimento resulta do conhecimento que permite adequar o fazer ao querer. O objetivo será esclarecer a importância da primazia da vontade sobre o intelecto para a compreensão do arrependimento, assim como indicar a diferença entre o arrependimento e a angústia de consciência [die Gewissenangst]. (shrink)

This paper presents an interview carried out with Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo. Its main topic is the Philosophy of Mathematics Education. Other issues are linked to this central theme, such the interviewed’s experience in university management, the movement from her initial formation in Education till her studies in Philosophy, the creation of a recognized and well regarded PostGraduate Programm in Mathematics Education in Brazil, and the perspective of being woman and mother working in the academic world.

Este texto busca ampliar as percepções sobre os livros didáticos para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental que compõem as quatro coleções utilizadas pelo município de Caetité no período 2010/2018. Para tal empreendimento recorreu-se a uma metodologia analítica e à instrumentos estatísticos, com o intuito de mensurar disparidades e incoerências em termos de representação fenotípica dos indivíduos, do espaço dedicado à abordagem nos conteúdos da história e cultura dos povos africanos e seus descendentes e ainda traçar o perfil dos autores (...) cujos textos estão inseridos nestas coleções. A pesquisa realizada sugere a prevalência de um racismo sutil e geográfico,, que, sorrateiramente, mina a efetiva presença de negros tanto no corpo dos livros didáticos como em seu processo de produção. Palavras chave: Marcadores Fenotípicos. Autores. Racismo Sutil. Racismo Geográfico. (shrink)

This article aims to analyze the work Mal-entendido em Moscou, by Simone de Beauvoir from to specific themes: the aging and the finitude. The book tells the story of André and Nicole, two retired professors who feel the weight of aging and travel to the USSR for the second time in their life. Thus, a series of misunderstandings start taking place: the lack of communication, the fear of aging, a long-standing love, the assumption of female identity, their political expectations and (...) the difference between the characters’ comprehension of the world itself. In this text, I address these divergences, especially the impact of aging and the realization of finiteness by the main character and how these matters of uneasiness reverberate in all of us as well. The article is subdivided as follows; first it deals in general with the relationship between philosophy and literature in Beauvoir's production; the following presents the plot of the work, highlighting some important elements for the discussion and; finally, it investigates questions about aging and facticity, seeking to understand the original focus that the philosopher outlines in the courageous and realistic creation that she makes of her characters. (shrink)

Esse artigo examina como se define a questão do trágico para Hölderlin, importante poeta alemão do século XVIII. Em 1804, Hölderlin traduz e comenta as peças Édipo-rei e Antígona de Sófocles. Esse artigo se concentra na investigação sobre o trágico que Hölderlin empreende na terceira parte de suas Observações sobre Édipo, nela surgem elementos que são singulares no seu pensamento, como a cesura, a dupla infidelidade e o afastamento categórico do deus. Esses elementos permitem que Hölderlin trate o tema do (...) trágico a partir de uma visão completamente nova para o seu tempo e que propiciou o surgimento de importantes reflexões posteriores na literatura e na filosofia. Duas são as questões principais que norteiam a argumentação neste artigo: a primeira se refere à acepção singular de Hölderlin sobre os paradoxos que comumente constituem o trágico, como o humano e o divino; a segunda, a análise da tarefa poética da modernidade como tarefa possível para toda e qualquer poesia. (shrink)

Book MARY, André. Os antropólogos e a religião. Trad. Lúcia Mathilde Endlich Orth. São Paulo: Ideias e Letras, 2014. ISBN 978-85-6589-369-5.

Resenha de Jaa Torrano. Mito e imagens míticas. Hesíodo, homéricos, tragédia e Platão.São Paulo, Córrego.